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Speech Sound Disorders
Children with speech sound disorders may produce speech sounds inaccurately, substitute speech sounds (e.g. tat/cat or wun/run), or delete sounds. This decreases your ability to understand what your child is saying. Speech sound disorders may also impact your child's ability to learn to read, spell, and write.
Speech sound disorders may include articulation disorder, phonological disorder, childhood apraxia of speech, or dysarthria.
Research indicates that most children are able to produce all speech sounds by age 6 (McLeod & Crowe, 2018).
Not sure if your child is meeting speech sound developmental milestones?
Language Delay/Disorders
Children with language delay/disorders may have difficulty learning words, following directions, answering/asking questions, pointing to and naming objects, understanding and using gestures, and putting words together to make phrases and sentences.
Not sure if your child is meeting language developmental milestones?
Augmentative and Alternative Communication
Children may sometimes need access to other modes of communication. These may include manual signs, gestures, pictures, communication boards, or speech generating devices.
Fluency (Stuttering) Disorders
According to ASHA, fluency disorders are: "an interruption in the flow of speaking characterized by atypical rate, rhythm, and disfluencies (e.g., repetitions of sounds, syllables, words, and phrases; sound prolongations; and blocks), which may also be accompanied by excessive tension, speaking avoidance, struggle behaviors, and secondary mannerisms (American Speech-Language-Hearing Association [ASHA], 1993)."
Children who stutter may produce sound (c-c-cat), syllable (ba-ba-banana), word (they-they-they) or phrase repetitions (I want-I want- I want a snack). They may also produce prolongations of consonants (hhhhhouse) or blocks (inability to produce sound).
Stuttering may be accompanied by a dislike and avoidance of speaking, secondary characteristics such as eye blinking or twitching, and physical tension.
